Three-dimensional medical imaging was used to scan fossils of human skulls, these images revealed that the 'olfactory bulbs' which process odors are 12% larger in modern humans than in Neanderthals.
Scientists of the Spanish Natural Science Museum assessed the shape of the base of the cranium and quantified the volume of gray matter that would have filled it. Other differences were also identified which suggested that although the Neanderthals were very similar to us, their brains may have worked very differently to us.
This article explains how the modern human sniffing ability correlates with our higher brain functions directly responsible for processing emotion, motivation, fear, memory, pleasure, and attraction.
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